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 Computerized Planning of Cryosurgery 
 
 
 Currently, the process of selecting a cryoprobe layout for a specific procedure is an art held by the cryosurgeon, based on the surgeon’s own experience and rules of thumb. Cryoprobes are typically operated in a trail-and-error fashion, until the entire target volume is thought to be frozen. Currently, there are no means to determine the optimal locations for the cryoprobes. Suboptimal cryoprobe localization may leave unfrozen areas in the target region, may lead to cryoinjury in healthy surrounding tissues, may require an unnecessarily large number of cryoprobes, may increase the duration of the surgical procedure, and may increase the likelihood of post cryosurgery complications, all of which affect the quality and cost of the medical treatment. Computerized planning tools would help to alleviate these difficulties. 
 Our
  goal is to develop computerized planning tools for cryosurgery that are suitable
  for all available cooling techniques. Towards this goal, we have developed
  two algorithms for computer-generated planning of minimally invasive
  cryosurgery, known as the force-field analogy method and the bubble-packing
  method.  Selected
  animated movies on the process of computer-generated planning:  • Computerized planning of cryosurgery via bubble packing (movies) • Computerized Planning: insertion-depth effect (movies) Selected
  publications: •      
  Joshi, P.,
  Sehrawat, A., Rabin, Y., (2017): Computerized Planning of Prostate
  Cryosurgery and Shape Considerations, Special Collection on Cryotherapy,
  Technology in Cancer Research and Treatment, PubMed, HHS Public
  Access, Sage •      
  Keelan, R.,
  Zhang, H., Shimada, K., Rabin, Y. (2016):  GPU-based bioheat simulation to
  facilitate rapid decision making associated with cryosurgery training,
  Technology in Cancer Research and Treatment 15(2): 377-386 PubMed, HHS Public
  Access, Sage •      
  Keelan, R.,
  Yamakawa, S., Shimada, K., Rabin, Y. (2013):
  Computerized Training of cryosurgery – a system approach, CryoLetters
  34(4):324-337 PubMed,
  HHS Public
  Access •      
  Rossi,
  M.R., Tanaka, D., Shimada, K., Rabin, Y. (2010):
  Computerized planning of prostate cryosurgery using variable cryoprobe
  insertion depth. Cryobiology 60(1):71-79 PubMed, HHS Public
  Access, ScienceDirect,
  BTTL
  Depository •      
  Rabin, Y.
  (2009): Computerized planning of cryosurgery: from model reconstruction to
  cryoprobe placement strategies. BiOS 2009,
  Energy-based Treatment of Tissue and Assessment V, San Jose, CA, USA (January
  24-29) PubMed,
  HHS Public
  Access, BTTL
  Depository •      
  Rossi,
  M.R., Tanaka, D., Shimada, K., Rabin, Y. (2008):
  Computerized planning of cryosurgery using bubble packing: an experimental
  validation on a phantom material. International Journal of Heat and Mass
  Transfer 51(23-24):5671-5678 PubMed, HHS Public
  Access, BTTL
  Depository • Tanaka, D., Shimada, K., Rossi, M.R., Rabin, Y. (2008): Computerized planning of prostate cryosurgery with pullback procedure. Computer Aided Surgery, 13(1):1-13 PubMed •      
  Tanaka, D.,
  Shimada, K., Rossi, M.R., Rabin, Y. (2008):
  Computerized planning of prostate cryosurgery with pullback procedure.
  Computer Aided Surgery, 13(1):1-13 PubMed, Taylor
  & Francis (open access) •      
  Rabin, Y.
  (2008): Key issues in bioheat transfer simulations for the application of
  cryosurgery planning. Cryobiology, 56(3):248-50 PubMed, HHS Public
  Access, ScienceDirect,
  BTTL
  Depository •      
  Rossi,
  M.R., Tanaka, D., Shimada, K., Rabin, Y. (2007): An efficient numerical
  technique for bioheat simulations and its application to computerized
  cryosurgery planning. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine,
  85(1):41-50 PubMed,
  HHS Public
  Access, BTTL
  Depository •      
  Tanaka, D.,
  Rossi, M.R., Shimada, K., Rabin, Y. (2007): Towards
  intra-operative computerized planning of prostate cryosurgery. The
  International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery,
  3:10-19 PubMed,
  HHS Public
  Access, BTTL
  Depository •      
  Rossi, M.,
  Rabin, Y. (2007): Analysis of a numerical scheme for bioheat simulations of
  cryosurgery and its experimental validation on a phantom material. MSV'07-The
  2007 International Conference on Modeling, Simulation and Visualization
  Methods, Las Vegas, Nevada (June 25-28) BTTL
  Depository  •      
  Rossi,
  M.R., Rabin, Y. (2007): Experimental verification of numerical simulations of
  cryosurgery with application to computerized planning. Physics in Medicine
  and Biology 52:4553-4567 PubMed, HHS Public
  Access, BTTL
  Depository •      
  Tanaka, D.,
  Shimada, K., Rabin, Y. (2006): Two-phase Computerized Planning of Cryosurgery
  Using Bubble-packing and Force-field Analogy. ASME Journal of Biomechanical
  Engineering, 128(1):49-58 PubMed, HHS Public
  Access, ASME
  Digital Collection, BTTL
  Depository •      
  Lung, D.C.,
  Stahovich, T.F., Rabin, Y. (2004): Computerized planning for multiprobe
  cryosurgery using a force-field analogy. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and
  Biomedical Engineering, 7(2):101-110 PubMed, BTTL
  Depository •      
  Rabin, Y.,
  Lung, D.C., Stahovich, T.F. (2004): Computerized
  planning of cryosurgery using cryoprobes and cryoheaters. Technology in
  Cancer Research and Treatment, 3(3):227-243. PubMed, Sage
  (open access), BTTL
  Depository 
 
 
 This
  research has been supported, in part, by the National Institute of Biomedical
  Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) NIH Grant # 1R01EB003563 This
  research has been supported, in part, by the National Cancer Institute, NIH
  Grant # 1R01CA134261 
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