This section of the web site offers readings, images, and maps that can help students to further understand course assignments, but which are not required reading. In other words, the readings on this page are for your Information (FYI). Links from the five sections of the course come here, and are marked thus: Optional (FYI) Reading.

 Readings from April 25

Heads of State

 

The Ex-King of Delhi, Bahadur Shah Zafar	Queen Victoria

 
 

Quaid-e-Azam, Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876-1948) Founder of Pakistan.	Patrice Lumumba First Prime Minister of the Congo (Zaire) 1960.  Overthrown by Mobutu Sese Seko and  Joseph Kasavubu 1960.  Assassinated 1961.	Arab Nationalist and Egyptian President Gamal Abdel-Nasser (1918-1970)	Leader of the Indonesian independence movement and Indonesia's first president Achmed Sukarno (1901-1970) with American President John Fitzgerald Kennedy