The final exam is scheduled for Wenesday, December 20 in PH A18A from 9:30 to 11:20 AM. The exam will be based on the readings, lectures, and discussions from the second half of the course; this means the exam will focus on issues of criminal justice.

The exam is in two parts. In the first (and shorter) part, you will be given 6 short answer questions and asked to answer 4 of them in about 1 to 3 sentences. The second part of the exam will be the same as the mid-term. It will be in essay format. You will be given four questions and asked to answer your choice of two. These questions will primarily be designed to test your understanding of course material; in contrast to paper assignments, they will emphasize explanation to a greater degree than interpretation.

The following suggestions should give you a sense of what you should study.
 

1) Be prepared to write about the evolution of the criminal justice system over the past 200 years. You should be particularly aware of the following:
            (a) police;
            (b) prisons;
            (c) sentencing practices of the courts;
            (d) the death penalty; and
            (e) the role of the federal government.
You should also focus on important turning points, including the progressive era, the judicial revolution, and the "get tough" movement. This is the most important set of issues in the second half of the class; you will see questions on it.

2) Be prepared to discuss the evolution of juvenile justice ó both the ideology and the practice ó from the creation of juvenile courts beginning in 1899 to the present. You should also be aware of differences between the juvenile & criminal courts.

3) Be prepared to discuss the relationship between race and criminal justice, particularly in the twentieth century. How have criminal justice agencies treated African Americans differently than whites? How has race affected the operations of police, courts, and prisons? How have these issues changed over time?

4) Be prepared to talk about what the major reform movements of the twentieth-century ó professionalization and the due process revolution ó have meant for the operations of criminal justice.

5) Be prepared to discuss the relationship between 20th century criminal courts and the society in which they operated and, in particular, how extra-legal factors shaped court decisions in the case studies we examined.

6)  You should be prepared to make at least general comparisons between material covered in the second half of the class with that covered in the first.