D-Separation

Is Z3 d-sep Z1 | ∅

Identify the active nodes on the specified path in the graph by selecting the nodes, then identify if the specified path is active or inactive.

Finally, decide if Z3 is d-separated or d-connected from Z1 given ∅
No more active nodes
  • Z3→X→Z2←Z1 is an
    path.
No more active nodes
  • Z3→X→Z2→Y←Z1 is an
    path.
No more active nodes
  • Z3→Y←Z1 is an
    path.
No more active nodes
  • Z3→Y←Z2←Z1 is an
    path.
Z3 is
Z1 given ∅