24-775: Robot Design and Experimentation Project Overview

Projects will be completed by teams of 3-5 students

Project Overview:

The purpose of this project is to build and test an advanced robotic system. This can be a complete robot, or a part of a robot like a leg or arm. This project is an opportunity to use the skills and tools you have learned in this class and in other classes you have taken during your graduate study. The projects will take up the majority of the time you spend for this class, and represents the majority of your grade. Therefore, it is important that you pick a topic that you find interesting and challenging!

Project Requirements:
● Each project will be developed by a team of about 5, and no fewer than 3, students.

● The project must propose a research question or hypothesis that the robotic system will help to evaluate. You must propose and carry out an experiment with your system to test this hypothesis.

● The theme for this year is “Bioinspired Robotics”, and the project must address this theme in some way. However, projects do not have to be “A robotic copy of X animal”.

● Each student on a project team must complete an individual technical contribution drawn from their prior experience or the topics covered in this class. See the list below for suggestions on what that contribution could be for various specific classes. A portion of your grade for the project proposal and final project documents will be based on your individual technical contribution.
◦ This should be some sort of analysis, optimization, simulation, etc, that shows off some technical depth.
◦ The entire team is responsible for the entire project, and you are encouraged to help each other out with the individual contributions so that the project overall is a success.
◦ These contributions will be a relatively small part of the overall project, maybe
5-10% each, leaving a lot of the project (the overall design, fabrication, assembly, testing, etc) that will not fall under anyone’s “individual technical contribution”

● Every project must build a physical device that demonstrates a sense-plan-act cycle, as well as some sort of analysis or simulation. It is not sufficient to have a project that is entirely in simulation. It is also not sufficient to use exclusively pre-existing hardware. Your project must build something. You may, however, build something that is part of a larger system or redesign a part of an existing robot.

● Students may propose projects that take advantage of resources from their research labs, or the research lab of the instructor, such as a project that builds off of an existing robot. This is acceptable so long as the project meets all of the other requirements and the students receive written (email) permission from the lab PI.

● The final decision on the project scope and what constitutes a sufficient individual contribution is at the sole discretion of the instructor and any questions or concerns should be brought up as early as possible. In general, the purpose of the project proposal is to clarify and agree on what a good project is for each team.

Project Milestones:
The following is an overview of the project milestones. The specific requirements for the presentations, documents, and video will be detailed in a separate document.

● Project Team Selection: The second or third week of class. You will have an opportunity to discuss with peers during class to determine project concepts and team formation.

● Project Meetings: Approximately 6 times during the semester, generally during class period. Each project team will meet with the instructor to discuss their progress. In addition, peer meetings will be scheduled these weeks to get feedback from other project groups. You are strongly encouraged to use the remaining class time during other teams' meetings to work on your project as a group. An email with meeting notes must be sent after each meeting.

● Interim Project Updates: Refer to Canvas assignments for due dates. Each team will submit a white paper detailing technical progress, revisions of scope (with instructor approval) and updates to the design and experimentation timeline.

● Project Proposal Document: Refer to Canvas assignments for due dates. Each team will submit their proposal document online. The proposal document should outline the overall project, specifics of the individual technical contributions, and the required budget.

● Project Proposal Presentation: Refer to Canvas assignments for due dates and Canvas calendar for presentation dates. Each team will prepare a short presentation for the class discussing their research question/hypothesis as well as their plan for the robotic system.

● Final Project Presentations at Design Expo: Date TBD. Each team will present the results of their project and demonstrate their robotic system for the teaching team and the public. Bring your robot, a laptop to show videos, your final slides, and any additional pieces you think will be interesting.

● Final Project Document: Refer to Canvas assignments for due dates. Each team will submit their final project report online. This document should present the research question/hypothesis, robotic system development, experiments testing the research question/hypothesis, the individual technical contributions, and the final budget.

● Final Project Video: Refer to Canvas assignments for due dates. Each team will post a video summary of their project explaining the motivation, challenges, and results for a general audience.

Project Ideas

You are encouraged to come up with your own project ideas and discuss them with your classmates. The following are only suggestions to get you started.
● Lizard-inspired robot tail. Research hypothesis: The tail increases the stability of the animal on rocks by quickly responding to disturbances. Components: Materials chosen so that it is strong and able to drag through rocks without damage, but flexible enough to bend. Actuator and control optimization to maximize responsiveness to disturbances. Additional passive components (springs and dampers) so that no power is needed to hold it directly behind robot.
● A sloth robot. Research hypothesis: The design of the transmission (tendons, joint configuration, etc) enables the animal to hold on tight with minimal energetic cost. Components: Mechanism design on the feet/hands to grip tree branches. Actuation scheme that includes brakes or lockout mechanisms to enable passive hanging. Slow but efficient motion.
● Bird beak. Research hypothesis: The shape of the beak combined with a simple tongue enables dexterous manipulation of objects (e.g. open nuts) in a simple manipulator (birds’ beaks). Components: Build a simple manipulator that mimics a bird’s beak. Optimize the shape of the beak to stably grasp objects, and possibly break a shell. Add a simple actuated digit (tongue) that works with the beak to reorient objects.

Individual Contribution:
The following list of individual project contributions are only suggestions and other similarly scoped contributions that use advanced tools or methods should be discussed with the instructor.
● General Ideas: Perform a feasibility or first-principles analysis of the problem, optimize the design or selection of some part, analyze the forces to do a feasibility calculation, implement some advanced control algorithm, test a design with finite element or other analysis package, apply statistical analysis to the experimental results.
● 24-775 Robot Design (This class!): Optimize the motor and gearbox selection, analyze how scaling affects your robot to determine a suitable size, define the gait space for your robot and identify useful gaits, characterize the non-ideal properties of some component (motor, battery, sensor, etc)
● 24-673 Soft Robotics: Design a part of the project using soft materials and analyze the required materials properties.
● 24-760 Robot Dynamics: Analyze the static or dynamic forces on the robot. Optimize the trajectory that it will execute. Simulate the experiment before running it on the hardware.
● 24-771 Linear Systems: Analyze the controller and design the gains to be stable.
● 24-785 Engineering Optimization: Run an optimization study of the design or control parameters. Analyze the sensitivity of the design to changes in a constraint.
● 24-787 AI and ML for Engineering Design: Use simulation to learn the best design, or learn the best feedback controller.
● 16-711 Kinematics, Dynamic Systems, and Control: Analyze the controller design. Implement gain scheduling, Kalman filtering, or impedance control.
● 16-741 Mechanics of Manipulation: Analyze the robotics system for form closure, force closure, or other manipulation properties.
● 16-868 Biomechatronics: Compare electric motor and neuromuscular control for the target system. Analyze system using SLIP or other simple model.
● Other classes: Use computer vision (16-720), advanced controls (24-773), machine learning (10-601), dynamic optimization (16-745), or planning (16-782). 

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