Neural plasticity underlies the capacity of the central nervous system to encode new information, develop new abilities and adapt to the environment. Plasticity is required for learning and is modulated during development and by disorders of the brain. Recent advances in experimental methodology have led to new insights on the biological mechanisms underlying neural plasticity. The topics if the papers chosen for review will center on recent experimental and theoretical studies of topics such as synaptic plasticity, developmental and activity-dependent changes in sensory and motor maps.